Water is essential to life and virtually all physical and chemical processes on earth. A deeper understanding of the different molecular forces occurring in water and aqueous solutions is therefore central to many modern biological and environmental challenges. This includes the design of novel diagnostics and therapeutics, new chemical tools to understand and manipulate biological processes, innovative catalytic systems for green chemistry, and novel systems to remediate environmental problems. Unfortunately, supramolecular chemists often shy away from aqueous media due to the difficulties engendered by this more complex and less understood solvent. On the other hand, scientists interested in water and aqueous solutions are often unaware of the many molecular tools available for probing non-covalent interactions. The aim of the proposal is to bring together prominent supramolecular chemists and experts in the area of water and aqueous solutions so that the two fields can build upon each other’s expertise. The three goals of the proposed meeting are: 1) to gain a deeper understanding of molecular recognition events occurring in water; 2) to identify the next grand challenges for aqueous supramolecular chemistry to address, and; 3) to establish new collaborations to solve these grand challenges.